https://gpslex.com/briefs/adams-v-bullock https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/866782a3df7a0eb76ec6533ba0b30fdc/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Adams v. Bullock Video Explainer A company is only careless if it fails to take reasonable safety steps against dangers it could actually foresee happening. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/866782a3df7a0eb76ec6533ba0b30fdc/iframe 2026-06-23 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/alaska-packers-association-v-domenico https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/cb832d885470fbabbf523d7e07e12d25/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Alaska Packers' Association v. Domenico Video Explainer If you already must do something under a contract, a promise of extra pay for the same work isn't backed by anything new, so it can't be enforced. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/cb832d885470fbabbf523d7e07e12d25/iframe 2026-08-19 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/armory-v-delamirie https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/521524263811f74d575f1bc4a5632a56/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Armory v. Delamirie Video Explainer If you find a lost item and someone takes it from you, you can sue to get it back. Employers can also be held responsible for wrongs their employees commit while working. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/521524263811f74d575f1bc4a5632a56/iframe 2026-09-01 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/ashcroft-v-iqbal https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/c9daa79bc8d1b254f3dbefe3040de5ad/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Ashcroft v. Iqbal Video Explainer Lawsuits against government officials for constitutional violations must include specific facts making it plausible, not just possible, that each official personally intended to act unlawfully. Repeating legal terms without facts is not enough. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/c9daa79bc8d1b254f3dbefe3040de5ad/iframe 2026-08-18 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/bayne-v-todd-shipyards-corp https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/a669ba715c29d2f0623a81fc79464edd/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Bayne v. Todd Shipyards Corp. Video Explainer If a government safety regulation created through an official public process is broken, that violation counts as automatic proof of carelessness (called negligence per se), not just evidence of it. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/a669ba715c29d2f0623a81fc79464edd/iframe 2026-06-23 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/bencivenga-v-j-a-m-m-inc https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/4ab58855d3775f176a17394698c560ae/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Bencivenga v. J.J.A.M.M., Inc. Video Explainer Under New Jersey's Comparative Negligence Act, juries can only divide up blame among people who are actual parties to the lawsuit, not unknown or unidentified attackers who were never formally sued. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/4ab58855d3775f176a17394698c560ae/iframe 2026-06-23 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/bmw-of-north-america-v-gore https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/fb7e972a4df9b252e079cfed46abedee/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 BMW of North America, Inc. v. Gore Video Explainer Due process stops states from punishing a company with punitive damages so large they're way out of line with the state's real interest in punishing and discouraging bad conduct. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/fb7e972a4df9b252e079cfed46abedee/iframe 2026-06-23 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/boomer-v-atlantic-cement-co https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/b4c530d7433fb28c4ae97e1aa317ccac/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Boomer v. Atlantic Cement Co. Video Explainer Normally, if a court finds a nuisance (an activity that unreasonably harms neighboring property) causing real harm, it must order the activity stopped with an injunction. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/b4c530d7433fb28c4ae97e1aa317ccac/iframe 2026-09-01 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/braverman-v-united-states https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/a7e8c68a51251834a24c04a45f663537/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Braverman v. United States Video Explainer When people make one single agreement to break the law, that is one crime of conspiracy, even if the agreement aims at several different illegal goals, so it can only be punished once under the law that bans conspiracy. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/a7e8c68a51251834a24c04a45f663537/iframe 2026-08-22 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/brooker-v-silverthorne https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/4c483ee5ffc219f42b957a6e03f40b74/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Brooker v. Silverthorne Video Explainer Rude or angry words, even upsetting ones, usually don't let someone win a lawsuit unless they count as an assault, a real threat of harm, or there's a special duty, like between a company and customer. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/4c483ee5ffc219f42b957a6e03f40b74/iframe 2026-06-23 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/brown-v-board-of-education https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/1b1f6f5aed4797a5b6aa9acd7bca0079/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Brown v. Board of Education (Brown I) Video Explainer The equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, which says states must treat people equally under the law, does not allow public schools to separate children by race, even if the school buildings and resources are otherwise equal. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/1b1f6f5aed4797a5b6aa9acd7bca0079/iframe 2026-09-03 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/burnham-v-superior-court https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/3a7f010ad4c45effa8668f7dc2d5aea9/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Burnham v. Superior Court Video Explainer A state court can make a legal decision about someone if they are personally given the lawsuit papers while voluntarily in the state, even if the visit had nothing to do with the lawsuit. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/3a7f010ad4c45effa8668f7dc2d5aea9/iframe 2026-08-18 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/byrd-v-blue-ridge-rural-electric-cooperative https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/c229e027f73e2ca98ff1a40cc594f7a0/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Byrd v. Blue Ridge Rural Electric Cooperative Video Explainer Federal courts hearing cases based on citizens from different states usually follow state law about legal rights, but can still use federal trial practices, like juries deciding facts, unless the state rule is part of the right itself. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/c229e027f73e2ca98ff1a40cc594f7a0/iframe 2026-08-18 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/byrne-v-boadle https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/d63c6d951b2d181827640684474bb911/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Byrne v. Boadle Video Explainer If something that normally only falls or breaks because of carelessness hurts someone, and the defendant controlled it, the accident itself can show carelessness. The defendant must then explain how it happened without their fault. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/d63c6d951b2d181827640684474bb911/iframe 2026-06-23 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/celotex-corp-v-catrett https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/a14022b2021f3af53183f18573508120/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Celotex Corp. v. Catrett Video Explainer A party asking a court to decide a case without trial can win by showing the other side has no evidence to prove a key part of its claim, without having to disprove the claim itself. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/a14022b2021f3af53183f18573508120/iframe 2026-08-18 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/coker-v-georgia https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/0e418bf731f289e63dd4c32bf99e7745/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Coker v. Georgia Video Explainer Punishing someone is 'cruel and unusual' and unconstitutional if the punishment is way too harsh compared to the crime committed. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/0e418bf731f289e63dd4c32bf99e7745/iframe 2026-08-22 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/consolidated-rail-corp-v-gottshall https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/080403a694172b5bda8dbfe1d9b50502/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Consolidated Rail Corp. v. Gottshall Video Explainer A federal law called FELA lets railroad workers sue their employer for money damages when the employer's carelessness causes injury or death on the job. This case asks if it covers purely emotional harm. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/080403a694172b5bda8dbfe1d9b50502/iframe 2026-06-23 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/daimler-ag-v-bauman https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/3462ff84baec5e6e8f96801c4e80f68f/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Daimler AG v. Bauman Video Explainer A court can only hear any and all lawsuits against a company (not just ones tied to that location) if the company is essentially 'at home' there, usually where it is incorporated or has its main offices. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/3462ff84baec5e6e8f96801c4e80f68f/iframe 2026-08-18 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/dickens-v-puryear https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/105ec0b85cb09578e3c01e2c60b05b33/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Dickens v. Puryear Video Explainer Assault and battery claims must be filed within one year, but emotional distress claims can be filed within three years. Defendants can raise a time limit defense through a motion before filing a formal answer. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/105ec0b85cb09578e3c01e2c60b05b33/iframe 2026-06-23 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/dickinson-v-dodds https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/424d00785476c53b1e7aa4b0a63003b3/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Dickinson v. Dodds Video Explainer A promise to keep an offer open isn't binding unless the other person paid or gave something for it. If you learn the seller already sold to someone else, you can't accept the original offer. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/424d00785476c53b1e7aa4b0a63003b3/iframe 2026-08-19 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/dilly-v-s-s-kresge https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/7f7d0ef3fc3c417b4c3d8968fab631ec/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Dilly v. S.S. Kresge Video Explainer You can only appeal once the trial court fully finishes a case. Also, injured workers usually cannot sue their employer unless the employer meant to hurt them or acted recklessly. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/7f7d0ef3fc3c417b4c3d8968fab631ec/iframe 2026-09-17 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/dred-scott-v-sandford https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/c518683fb69c7525802098a42901423c/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Dred Scott v. Sandford Video Explainer Federal courts could only hear cases between citizens of different states. The Court ruled Black people could never be citizens, so they could not sue in federal court. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/c518683fb69c7525802098a42901423c/iframe 2026-09-03 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/drennan-v-star-paving-co https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/a873d4f447d4d8c81d7d14b6c54707d0/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Drennan v. Star Paving Co. Video Explainer A promise can be legally enforced without the usual exchange of things of value if the person making it should expect someone else to rely on it and that reliance would cause unfair harm if the promise is broken. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/a873d4f447d4d8c81d7d14b6c54707d0/iframe 2026-08-15 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/erie-railroad-co-v-tompkins https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/f76d1a946a7a83a090133204c8aa54b2/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins Video Explainer Federal courts hearing lawsuits between citizens of different states must apply the actual law of the state involved, including decisions by that state's own courts, instead of making up their own general legal rules. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/f76d1a946a7a83a090133204c8aa54b2/iframe 2026-08-18 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/ewing-v-california https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/e6b16130bedafbda154007edcc8a2d48/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Ewing v. California Video Explainer The part of the Constitution banning cruel and unusual punishment also bars prison sentences that are grossly out of proportion to the crime committed, but courts should rarely second guess a legislature's sentencing choices, especially for repeat offenders. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/e6b16130bedafbda154007edcc8a2d48/iframe 2026-08-22 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/falcon-v-memorial-hospital https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/8a18ce4cec4acccc7077a7416bfbddcf/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Falcon v. Memorial Hospital Video Explainer In a medical malpractice death case, a patient's lost chance of survival, even under 50 percent, counts as a real injury a jury can award money for, if the lost chance was significant. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/8a18ce4cec4acccc7077a7416bfbddcf/iframe 2026-06-23 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/ford-v-montana-eighth-judicial-dist https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/775e4cb4e6362ebec727549e955bfbdb/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Ford Motor Co. v. Montana Eighth Judicial District Court Video Explainer A court can only make a company defend a lawsuit there if the company is connected enough to that state, usually meaning the lawsuit relates to what the company did there. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/775e4cb4e6362ebec727549e955bfbdb/iframe 2026-08-18 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/frigaliment-importing-co-v-b-n-s-international-sales-corp https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/5878edb89e64da1688c277efcd83aa0d/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Frigaliment Importing Co. v. B.N.S. International Sales Corp. Video Explainer If people disagree on what a contract word means, whoever wants the narrower meaning must prove both sides actually agreed to that, using the contract's wording, past talks, and common trade habits. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/5878edb89e64da1688c277efcd83aa0d/iframe 2026-08-19 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/gibbons-v-ogden https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/bb52dbda74b2c2dfcf96180b5b50666b/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Gibbons v. Ogden Video Explainer The federal government controls trade and travel crossing state or national lines. If a valid federal law conflicts with a state law, the federal law wins. This power includes transportation, not just buying and selling. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/bb52dbda74b2c2dfcf96180b5b50666b/iframe 2026-09-03 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/gregg-v-georgia https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/3c71ceba31acc8cf28b446d8f2502dff/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Gregg v. Georgia Video Explainer The Eighth Amendment, which bans cruel and unusual punishment, does not always forbid the death penalty if the law guides the decision-makers and checks for unfairness. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/3c71ceba31acc8cf28b446d8f2502dff/iframe 2026-08-22 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/griswold-v-connecticut https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/e937ad2735e2dd205ac78d41a83234e6/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Griswold v. Connecticut Video Explainer A law that bans something cannot be so broad that it invades a protected zone of personal privacy, especially within marriage, even though the word 'privacy' never appears in the Constitution itself. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/e937ad2735e2dd205ac78d41a83234e6/iframe 2026-09-03 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/hadley-v-baxendale https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/de4a885e2796cb8c95ed45b1d7ab7ba4/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Hadley v. Baxendale Video Explainer A person who breaks a contract only has to pay for losses that naturally follow from the breach or that both sides could reasonably have expected to happen if something went wrong. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/de4a885e2796cb8c95ed45b1d7ab7ba4/iframe 2026-08-15 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/hamer-v-sidway https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/7685ba2b7f8b32dc72d89c78dc42cb9a/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Hamer v. Sidway Video Explainer A promise can be legally enforceable even if the person making it gets no direct benefit, as long as the other person gives up some legal right they were allowed to do, called forbearance, in exchange for the promise. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/7685ba2b7f8b32dc72d89c78dc42cb9a/iframe 2026-08-15 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/hanna-v-plumer https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/bf394af897a65b1002eafb5c969d843d/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Hanna v. Plumer Video Explainer When a Federal Rule of Civil Procedure properly covers an issue, federal courts must follow it instead of a conflicting state law, even in cases heard in federal court only because the parties live in different states. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/bf394af897a65b1002eafb5c969d843d/iframe 2026-08-18 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/hawkins-v-mcgee https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/5bd79be48d17b55ca1cdb411a02ce3be/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Hawkins v. McGee Video Explainer If someone makes a specific promise about the result of a job, like a doctor promising a perfect outcome from surgery, that promise can become an enforceable contract. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/5bd79be48d17b55ca1cdb411a02ce3be/iframe 2026-08-19 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/hickman-v-taylor https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/091563308239dbb21863d46928b37672/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Hickman v. Taylor Video Explainer When a lawyer collects notes and statements while preparing for a lawsuit, the other side usually cannot demand copies. They must show a real need for that specific material first. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/091563308239dbb21863d46928b37672/iframe 2026-08-18 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/howard-v-kunto https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/19716b263392eb43916f707cc0a6b412/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Howard v. Kunto Video Explainer To win land through adverse possession, a person must show they used the land openly, continuously, exclusively, and as if they owned it, under a good faith belief of ownership, for the number of years required by state law. Courts can also add together ('tack') the time multiple owners in a row possessed the land if there is a proper legal connection ('privity') between them, usually shown by a deed passing between them. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/19716b263392eb43916f707cc0a6b412/iframe 2026-09-01 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/hunt-v-ohio-dept-of-rehabilitation-correction https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/75037c99887f60988b45ad352d9ec09c/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Hunt v. Ohio Dept. of Rehabilitation & Correction Video Explainer To win a negligence case, someone must show the other side had a duty, broke it, and caused their injury. If the injured person was more than half at fault, they get nothing. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/75037c99887f60988b45ad352d9ec09c/iframe 2026-06-23 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/immigration-and-naturalization-service-v-chadha https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/4336f0cf6a631cb83ef26c9fc6fec9c9/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha Video Explainer A law passed by Congress that lets just one house of Congress cancel an executive branch decision must still go through both houses of Congress and be sent to the President, as the Constitution requires for making laws. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/4336f0cf6a631cb83ef26c9fc6fec9c9/iframe 2026-09-03 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/international-shoe-co-v-washington https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/332751f73334675fa01dc2ebf97bcad1/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 International Shoe Co. v. Washington Video Explainer A court can only rule against someone not present in the state if they have enough contact with that state to make being sued there fair. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/332751f73334675fa01dc2ebf97bcad1/iframe 2026-08-18 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/jacob-and-youngs-v-kent https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/cc465ab8e9501335bc0979f47bef7990/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Jacob & Youngs v. Kent Video Explainer If someone mostly finishes a building contract but makes a small, honest mistake that does not matter much, courts will not treat that as breaking the whole deal. Instead of forcing the builder to tear everything apart and redo it, the payment owed is reduced by the small difference in value, not the huge cost of fixing it. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/cc465ab8e9501335bc0979f47bef7990/iframe 2026-08-15 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/jacque-v-steenberg-homes-inc https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/f9a790725f1385e6d8241891863e7b33/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Jacque v. Steenberg Homes, Inc. Video Explainer Usually, someone must win real money damages before getting punitive damages. This case asks if that still applies when someone intentionally trespasses but causes little or no real harm. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/f9a790725f1385e6d8241891863e7b33/iframe 2026-09-01 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/johnson-v-mintosh https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/ac90810f24c6e599ac19ce0fc7a3625d/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Johnson v. M'Intosh Video Explainer Under the legal idea called the discovery doctrine, the government that discovered land in America got the only right to buy or take land from Native American tribes, and tribes could not sell land directly to private individuals. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/ac90810f24c6e599ac19ce0fc7a3625d/iframe 2026-09-01 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/johnson-v-riverdale-anesthesia-assocs-p-c https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/9a8c72472fc1a795c7edd318733e6446/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Johnson v. Riverdale Anesthesia Assocs., P.C. Video Explainer In a medical malpractice case, the standard of care is what the medical profession generally would do, not what one individual doctor personally would have done in the same situation. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/9a8c72472fc1a795c7edd318733e6446/iframe 2026-06-23 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/jones-v-dressel https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/f4ca2f78199e43f1454a6729efbb11d0/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Jones v. Dressel Video Explainer A contract that excuses someone from liability for their own carelessness is allowed unless it affects a key public interest, judged by four factors judges must weigh. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/f4ca2f78199e43f1454a6729efbb11d0/iframe 2026-06-23 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/kambat-v-st-francis-hospital https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/4b2c84056298a3d94e30e2a931ef8cdf/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Kambat v. St. Francis Hospital Video Explainer Under res ipsa loquitur, a jury can sometimes assume a defendant was careless just because an unusual harmful event happened, without direct proof of what exactly went wrong, if certain conditions are met. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/4b2c84056298a3d94e30e2a931ef8cdf/iframe 2026-06-23 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/keeler-v-superior-court https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/f0ca6a046f069512d239eb4486bfd266/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Keeler v. Superior Court Video Explainer Murder laws only cover killing a 'human being,' meaning a fetus must be born alive. Courts cannot punish someone for a crime that wasn't clearly defined as illegal when they acted. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/f0ca6a046f069512d239eb4486bfd266/iframe 2026-08-22 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/kelo-v-city-of-new-london https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/b3ca9d17bb160bab1556b7a37023b20d/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Kelo v. City of New London Video Explainer The government can only take private property for 'public use' if it pays fairly. Courts have long said 'public use' means any legitimate public purpose, not just things people directly use. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/b3ca9d17bb160bab1556b7a37023b20d/iframe 2026-09-01 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/kendall-v-ernest-pestana-inc https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/52e0a62cdf3101a9cdfd946cc548b54e/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Kendall v. Ernest Pestana, Inc. Video Explainer When a commercial lease says the tenant needs the landlord's written permission to transfer the lease, the landlord can only refuse that permission for a fair business reason, not just because they feel like it. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/52e0a62cdf3101a9cdfd946cc548b54e/iframe 2026-09-01 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/kenton-v-hyatt-hotels-corp https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/9de3a8da88e69dc6639e38433ce76361/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Kenton v. Hyatt Hotels Corp. Video Explainer Courts should only exclude evidence if it is irrelevant or too unfairly prejudicial. Judges should not reduce a jury's damages award just because they disagree with the amount. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/9de3a8da88e69dc6639e38433ce76361/iframe 2026-06-23 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/kirksey-v-kirksey https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/2a1a8a71c115e4c30162ef1a0c3040f5/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Kirksey v. Kirksey Video Explainer A promise only becomes an enforceable contract if the person receiving it gives something in return. A promise that's just a free gift, with nothing given back, can't be enforced in court. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/2a1a8a71c115e4c30162ef1a0c3040f5/iframe 2026-08-15 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/koffman-v-garnett https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/68226bb163299edc13f1521cf39579bd/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Koffman v. Garnett Video Explainer Gross negligence means acting so carelessly about someone's safety that it would shock fair-minded people. Battery is touching someone without consent. Assault is making someone reasonably fear an immediate unwanted touching. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/68226bb163299edc13f1521cf39579bd/iframe 2026-06-23 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/korematsu-v-united-states https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/fd78b31a10980b597de3fe93c9807265/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Korematsu v. United States Video Explainer When the government treats people differently because of race, courts must examine it closely. It can still be allowed if there is a real, urgent public need, not just prejudice. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/fd78b31a10980b597de3fe93c9807265/iframe 2026-09-03 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/krell-v-henry https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/932f1d017a95e00ec1cb1f5b33f3ff0a/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Krell v. Henry Video Explainer If both sides made a deal only because of a specific event, and that event becomes impossible without anyone's fault, the law can excuse both sides, even if the contract doesn't say so. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/932f1d017a95e00ec1cb1f5b33f3ff0a/iframe 2026-08-19 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/lawrence-v-texas https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/7963afda9f604e6143b22e68f4ba2922/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Lawrence v. Texas Video Explainer The Constitution protects a personal liberty for adults to make private choices about intimate relationships without the government criminalizing them. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/7963afda9f604e6143b22e68f4ba2922/iframe 2026-08-22 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/lefkowitz-v-great-minneapolis-surplus-store https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/7a9ca83352ed5018efe6ce281ccd52e7/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Lefkowitz v. Great Minneapolis Surplus Store, Inc. Video Explainer A newspaper ad can be a real offer, not just an invitation to negotiate, if its terms are clear, definite, and leave nothing to discuss, and once someone accepts it on those terms a contract is formed. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/7a9ca83352ed5018efe6ce281ccd52e7/iframe 2026-08-19 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/littlefield-v-mcguffey https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/ce9d8d0a9f5b618803089be5f91e61ad/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Littlefield v. McGuffey Video Explainer Federal housing discrimination laws let someone sue a landlord for refusing to rent to them because of race, using whatever version of the law applies at trial time. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/ce9d8d0a9f5b618803089be5f91e61ad/iframe 2026-06-23 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/lochner-v-new-york https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/5c3779f3efb9ebc5a0f2397a10e163ed/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Lochner v. New York Video Explainer The Constitution protects people's right to make work contracts, including hours worked. States can only limit this right if the limit truly protects public health, safety, or welfare. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/5c3779f3efb9ebc5a0f2397a10e163ed/iframe 2026-09-03 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/loretto-v-teleprompter-manhattan-catv-corp https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/56f7d3c1420618f7e603332b9bb5a1c5/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Loretto v. Teleprompter Manhattan CATV Corp. Video Explainer If the government forces a property owner to permanently allow a physical object to occupy their property, that always counts as a taking requiring payment, no matter how small or beneficial it is. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/56f7d3c1420618f7e603332b9bb5a1c5/iframe 2026-09-01 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/louisville-and-nashville-railroad-v-mottley https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/af1db29fe0743fe5b23e007d24bfd70b/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Louisville & Nashville Railroad v. Mottley Video Explainer A federal court can only hear a case based on it involving federal law if the plaintiff's own claim, not a guess about the defendant's defense, relies on that federal law. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/af1db29fe0743fe5b23e007d24bfd70b/iframe 2026-08-18 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/loving-v-virginia https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/c55e8cf7281d9c8d0094fe0b16f08d06/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Loving v. Virginia Video Explainer Laws that ban marriage between people only because of their race violate the Constitution's promise of equal treatment and fair legal process for everyone. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/c55e8cf7281d9c8d0094fe0b16f08d06/iframe 2026-09-03 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/lucas-v-south-carolina-coastal-council https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/f9d38621fc5d4b1e216a1e6efecfb2d5/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council Video Explainer If a government regulation takes away all economically beneficial use of a piece of land, the government usually has to pay the owner just compensation, unless the banned use was already not allowed under existing property or nuisance law. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/f9d38621fc5d4b1e216a1e6efecfb2d5/iframe 2026-09-01 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/lucy-v-zehmer https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/fca83c1968cb127913ddab635208fd1b/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Lucy v. Zehmer Video Explainer When deciding if people made a real contract, courts look at what a person's words and actions would reasonably mean to the other person, not what the person secretly meant inside their own head. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/fca83c1968cb127913ddab635208fd1b/iframe 2026-08-19 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/mapp-v-ohio https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/2b9c169282a9a7675e781d5aecce9959/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Mapp v. Ohio Video Explainer If police violate the Fourth Amendment's ban on unreasonable searches and seizures, the evidence they find cannot be used against the defendant in state court. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/2b9c169282a9a7675e781d5aecce9959/iframe 2026-10-02 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/marbury-v-madison https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/4a5a2336e81cb34fb6af68ab5ae5cdc9/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Marbury v. Madison Video Explainer Courts have the power and duty to decide what the law means, and if a law passed by Congress conflicts with the Constitution, the Constitution wins and the conflicting law cannot be enforced. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/4a5a2336e81cb34fb6af68ab5ae5cdc9/iframe 2026-09-03 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/martin-v-state https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/ecda1d5e03e689c0b2506db766a9f503/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Martin v. State Video Explainer A law against public drunkenness only applies when a person chooses to be in a public place while drunk and acts in a loud, rude, or indecent way there. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/ecda1d5e03e689c0b2506db766a9f503/iframe 2026-08-22 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/mccleskey-v-kemp https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/3a46c52388e66cd84c8cbffb16840e9b/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 McCleskey v. Kemp Video Explainer To win a race discrimination claim about a death sentence, a defendant must show the people in his own case acted on purpose because of race, not just point to statistics showing a pattern. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/3a46c52388e66cd84c8cbffb16840e9b/iframe 2026-08-22 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/mcculloch-v-maryland https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/1a35b9a34ace87603a92a8d8848fc0b7/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 McCulloch v. Maryland Video Explainer The federal government may use any reasonable method to carry out its powers, even if not listed in the Constitution. Federal law also overrides conflicting state law. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/1a35b9a34ace87603a92a8d8848fc0b7/iframe 2026-09-03 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/mills-v-wyman https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/6df03e895c3d828d71912559da499c71/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Mills v. Wyman Video Explainer A promise is only legally binding if something of value was exchanged for it. Feeling morally obligated isn't enough, unless a real legal debt once existed that the law later excused. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/6df03e895c3d828d71912559da499c71/iframe 2026-08-15 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/moore-v-regents-of-the-university-of-california https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/a824fc69ff7ae7a5c85ee35a52c5e8c8/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Moore v. Regents of the University of California Video Explainer Doctors must tell patients about personal research or money interests that could affect their medical advice before treatment. Suing someone for taking your property does not work for body cells removed from a patient. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/a824fc69ff7ae7a5c85ee35a52c5e8c8/iframe 2026-09-01 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/morissette-v-united-states https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/8f64471096f0104eeb6dbf29e9ca4ba1/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Morissette v. United States Video Explainer When a criminal law does not mention a guilty state of mind, courts should not assume Congress meant to remove that requirement, especially for crimes that come from old common law categories like theft. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/8f64471096f0104eeb6dbf29e9ca4ba1/iframe 2026-08-22 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/morrison-v-olson https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/ac92dcf324aaebd0d8bfce6c299b9d69/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Morrison v. Olson Video Explainer Congress can decide how less important officials are appointed, even letting courts do it, and can limit a President's power to fire them to only valid reasons without breaking the rule that keeps government powers separate. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/ac92dcf324aaebd0d8bfce6c299b9d69/iframe 2026-09-03 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/mullane-v-central-hanover-bank-and-trust-co https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/1eba1d48e8e1147372dcb399694e62c0/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Mullane v. Central Hanover Bank & Trust Co. Video Explainer Before a court can make a decision that takes away someone's property rights, the government must give notice that is actually reasonably likely to reach the person and let them know they can object, not just a token gesture. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/1eba1d48e8e1147372dcb399694e62c0/iframe 2026-08-18 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/nahrstedt-v-lakeside-village-condominium-association https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/3b1c3033b0aa711642f86d868980c42b/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Nahrstedt v. Lakeside Village Condominium Association, Inc. Video Explainer A California law says that written rules in a condominium's recorded property document must be enforced unless they are shown to be unreasonable. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/3b1c3033b0aa711642f86d868980c42b/iframe 2026-09-01 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/national-federation-of-independent-business-v-sebelius https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/4c0273f881941907396ca0d2a755c0ed/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius Video Explainer The federal government only has powers listed in the Constitution. Congress can tax and spend for the public good, but cannot force people to buy a product or threaten to cut a state's existing funding to force new programs. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/4c0273f881941907396ca0d2a755c0ed/iframe 2026-09-03 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/obergefell-v-hodges https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/5bb7983b65371a67217948c9f6a7a4de/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Obergefell v. Hodges Video Explainer The Fourteenth Amendment's promises of liberty (due process) and equal treatment under the law (equal protection) protect a fundamental right to marry that applies equally to same sex couples. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/5bb7983b65371a67217948c9f6a7a4de/iframe 2026-09-03 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/old-chief-v-united-states https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/0e237b859848d4ed840ec53d0a29cd89/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Old Chief v. United States Video Explainer A judge can refuse to admit evidence if its ability to unfairly sway the jury is much greater than its usefulness in proving a fact, under a rule called Federal Rule of Evidence 403. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/0e237b859848d4ed840ec53d0a29cd89/iframe 2026-10-02 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/palsgraf-v-long-island-railroad-co https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/c530df8d41248c0010ab8e5a549a3230/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Palsgraf v. Long Island Railroad Co. Video Explainer A person can only win a negligence lawsuit if the other person owed them a specific duty of care, meaning the harm to them had to be a foreseeable result of the careless action. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/c530df8d41248c0010ab8e5a549a3230/iframe 2026-06-23 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/parklane-hosiery-co-v-shore https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/5d3f3eb8bf296951c150fc8fb2564b0b/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Parklane Hosiery Co. v. Shore Video Explainer A court can sometimes let a new plaintiff use facts already proven against a defendant in an earlier case, so the defendant cannot argue those facts again. Judges decide case by case if this is fair. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/5d3f3eb8bf296951c150fc8fb2564b0b/iframe 2026-08-18 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/patterson-v-new-york https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/7613b687a53d38217ca855b33352610f/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Patterson v. New York Video Explainer The government must prove every part of a crime beyond a reasonable doubt, but states can require defendants to prove special excuses that lower the charge by an easier standard. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/7613b687a53d38217ca855b33352610f/iframe 2026-08-22 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/peevyhouse-v-garland-coal-mining-co https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/f94e48bc206d14a90743223a6dfbca96/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Peevyhouse v. Garland Coal Mining Co. Video Explainer When someone breaks a promise in a contract to fix up land, and that promise was just a small part of the deal, courts can limit the money owed to how much the land's value actually dropped, instead of the full cost of doing the repair work, if that cost is way out of proportion to the benefit gained. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/f94e48bc206d14a90743223a6dfbca96/iframe 2026-08-19 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/penn-central-transportation-co-v-new-york-city https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/c2e5088ddbb332aa1fe2067001d85460/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Penn Central Transportation Co. v. New York City Video Explainer A law limiting property use only counts as a taking needing payment if it goes too far, based on lost value, remaining reasonable use, and whether it's a physical takeover versus normal regulation. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/c2e5088ddbb332aa1fe2067001d85460/iframe 2026-09-01 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/pennoyer-v-neff https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/b9cd904f856a548f76ec277c3e91c198/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Pennoyer v. Neff Video Explainer A court can only make a binding personal money judgment against someone if that person was personally served with legal papers or voluntarily showed up in court, unless their property in the state was seized first. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/b9cd904f856a548f76ec277c3e91c198/iframe 2026-08-18 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/pennsylvania-coal-co-v-mahon https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/443e0709fe0f79a1282e0ef9ad953179/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon Video Explainer Government can regulate private property to protect public safety, but if the rule destroys too much value or use of the property, it becomes a taking that must be paid for. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/443e0709fe0f79a1282e0ef9ad953179/iframe 2026-09-01 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/people-v-goetz https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/599fad694940d3262768dea651271336/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 People v. Goetz Video Explainer Someone can use deadly force in self-defense only if they truly believe it's necessary and a reasonable person in their situation would also believe that, not just whatever the shooter personally thought was fine. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/599fad694940d3262768dea651271336/iframe 2026-08-22 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/people-v-lauria https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/8ad9616161fc68fee939422e8c6f2bca/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 People v. Lauria Video Explainer To prove a conspiracy, the government must show two or more people agreed to commit a crime. Someone who just sells goods or services only counts if they know about and intend to help the crime. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/8ad9616161fc68fee939422e8c6f2bca/iframe 2026-08-22 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/pierson-v-post https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/9b2cdb81bcc8821b53713e7434a70100/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Pierson v. Post Video Explainer A person only gains legal ownership of a wild animal by actually catching or capturing it, not just by chasing it. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/9b2cdb81bcc8821b53713e7434a70100/iframe 2026-09-01 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/pinkerton-v-united-states https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/beca3879321b7c166700e273d6a56ad7/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Pinkerton v. United States Video Explainer If people team up to plan a crime and one of them commits other crimes to carry out that plan, everyone in the group can be guilty too, if those crimes were a predictable part of the plan. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/beca3879321b7c166700e273d6a56ad7/iframe 2026-08-22 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/piper-aircraft-co-v-reyno https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/6c7fa2022a8d898bfad65aff7c2600f5/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Piper Aircraft Co. v. Reyno Video Explainer When deciding whether to dismiss a case because another country's court is more convenient, courts should not refuse dismissal just because the plaintiff would get a worse legal outcome there. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/6c7fa2022a8d898bfad65aff7c2600f5/iframe 2026-08-18 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/plessy-v-ferguson https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/570dfda38c4e1e8e40a4f2abff366663/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Plessy v. Ferguson Video Explainer A state law requiring separate but supposedly equal facilities for different races does not violate the Constitution. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/570dfda38c4e1e8e40a4f2abff366663/iframe 2026-09-03 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/powell-v-texas https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/f669c12d129342f2e8506dca31b7c2fb/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Powell v. Texas Video Explainer The ban on cruel and unusual punishment stops the government from criminalizing a status or illness, but it can still punish someone for an actual action, like being drunk in public. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/f669c12d129342f2e8506dca31b7c2fb/iframe 2026-08-22 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/raffles-v-wichelhaus https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/198f7313865d0a8c111a426b3d5a42c3/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Raffles v. Wichelhaus Video Explainer A contract is only valid if both sides agree on the same thing. If an important term is unclear and each side understood it differently, there may be no contract. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/198f7313865d0a8c111a426b3d5a42c3/iframe 2026-08-19 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/regina-v-dudley-and-stephens https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/91ff6fd8d63ea101fa5eb37a5289c3f8/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Regina v. Dudley and Stephens Video Explainer A person cannot use extreme necessity, such as starvation, as a legal excuse for intentionally killing an innocent person who posed no threat to them. Killing someone just to save your own life in this way is still murder. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/91ff6fd8d63ea101fa5eb37a5289c3f8/iframe 2026-08-22 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/robinson-v-california https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/3aa814388e6b8f6c95343f8fc91d8364/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Robinson v. California Video Explainer Because of the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments, states cannot punish someone just for having a certain condition or illness, only for actually doing something wrong. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/3aa814388e6b8f6c95343f8fc91d8364/iframe 2026-08-22 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/rockingham-county-v-luten-bridge-co https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/7e5715c1c90648481e82bad0b4b89ccb/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Rockingham County v. Luten Bridge Co. Video Explainer If someone breaks a contract before the work is finished, the other side can't keep working and piling up costs. They must stop and can only collect for work already done plus lost profit. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/7e5715c1c90648481e82bad0b4b89ccb/iframe 2026-08-15 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/rosemond-v-united-states https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/66f0648953fa2eab7bfe469bbab602cc/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Rosemond v. United States Video Explainer To be guilty of helping someone commit a federal crime (called aiding and abetting), a person must do something that helps the crime happen and must intend for the whole crime, including all its key parts, to succeed. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/66f0648953fa2eab7bfe469bbab602cc/iframe 2026-08-22 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/shaffer-v-heitner https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/40a46e0b49e01a04a54d44e5209e3c22/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Shaffer v. Heitner Video Explainer Courts need a fair connection, called minimum contacts, between the defendant and the state before deciding a case, even if the case involves property the defendant owns there instead of suing them directly. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/40a46e0b49e01a04a54d44e5209e3c22/iframe 2026-08-18 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/shelley-v-kraemer https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/81b4b7c3885786729c6bbcef29ed3127/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Shelley v. Kraemer Video Explainer The 14th Amendment's equal protection clause, which says states cannot deny people equal treatment under the law, stops state governments from acting unfairly, but it does not control purely private agreements between individuals. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/81b4b7c3885786729c6bbcef29ed3127/iframe 2026-09-01 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/sommer-v-kridel https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/a213bfa83ca1dff23f04256f6e9fa3d0/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Sommer v. Kridel Video Explainer When a tenant breaks a lease early, courts now treat leases like contracts. Landlords must make reasonable efforts to find a new tenant instead of letting the unit sit empty and billing the original tenant for everything. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/a213bfa83ca1dff23f04256f6e9fa3d0/iframe 2026-09-01 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/southern-burlington-county-naacp-v-township-of-mount-laurel https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/4f4ef5800442942cf71ceb6f470a2f94/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Southern Burlington County NAACP v. Township of Mount Laurel (Mt. Laurel I) Video Explainer Zoning rules must serve everyone's good, not just the town's own interests, which includes giving people of all income levels a real chance at housing in growing areas. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/4f4ef5800442942cf71ceb6f470a2f94/iframe 2026-09-01 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/stambovsky-v-ackley https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/79d325c606db25dc5e0e694b512c559e/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Stambovsky v. Ackley Video Explainer If a seller creates and publicizes a condition that scares off buyers and can't be found by inspection, the buyer can cancel the deal in fairness, even though sellers usually don't have to tell buyers everything. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/79d325c606db25dc5e0e694b512c559e/iframe 2026-09-17 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/state-farm-v-campbell https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/910f897c0b55156aad2f72ddc60be86b/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co. v. Campbell Video Explainer A constitutional rule stops punishments, including court awards, from being much bigger than the actual harm caused, so they stay fair and not excessive. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/910f897c0b55156aad2f72ddc60be86b/iframe 2026-06-23 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/state-v-rusk https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/f487834ed0e6922f6108930bc8ed50ae/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 State v. Rusk Video Explainer A person commits second degree rape by having sex with someone through force or threats, against their will. If a victim didn't fight back, a jury can decide if she reasonably feared serious harm, which counts as force. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/f487834ed0e6922f6108930bc8ed50ae/iframe 2026-08-22 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/state-v-shack https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/23405ffb6c42466d1d6872bd31e18ff8/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 State v. Shack Video Explainer A property owner's right to control their land does not include the power to keep out people who are trying to provide government or charity based help to workers living on that land. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/23405ffb6c42466d1d6872bd31e18ff8/iframe 2026-09-01 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/state-v-williams https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/138d4d1944117483df6e191b7aca7b31/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 State v. Williams Video Explainer Parents must get medical care for their children. Under manslaughter law, ordinary carelessness, not using the caution a reasonable person would use, can be enough for a conviction. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/138d4d1944117483df6e191b7aca7b31/iframe 2026-08-22 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/summers-v-tice https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/f76e30c0d527d094fa4f1eb2552aa36d/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Summers v. Tice Video Explainer When two people are both careless and either one could have caused an injury, but no one can tell which, each must prove they didn't cause it or both are responsible. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/f76e30c0d527d094fa4f1eb2552aa36d/iframe 2026-06-23 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/taylor-v-caldwell https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/6e824b3579b1a6b601580e3d6b3e5556/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Taylor v. Caldwell Video Explainer If a contract depends on something specific continuing to exist, the law assumes the contract ends if that thing is destroyed by accident, even if the contract doesn't say so. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/6e824b3579b1a6b601580e3d6b3e5556/iframe 2026-08-19 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/taylor-v-sturgell https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/cabeebcd7896775ea8c5f4c91a062e04/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Taylor v. Sturgell Video Explainer A court judgment usually only binds the people who were actually parties to that lawsuit, not outsiders, though there are a few narrow exceptions where someone who was not a party can still be bound by the result. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/cabeebcd7896775ea8c5f4c91a062e04/iframe 2026-08-18 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/tennessee-v-garner https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/573e1c9a72d127f14866e812b7349a24/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Tennessee v. Garner Video Explainer The Fourth Amendment, which protects people from unreasonable searches and seizures by the government, limits when police can use deadly force to stop someone from escaping. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/573e1c9a72d127f14866e812b7349a24/iframe 2026-08-22 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/slaughter-house-cases https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/00441375619694911d082580c0138979/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 The Slaughter-House Cases Video Explainer A Constitutional amendment stops states from denying special rights of U.S. citizenship, but it doesn't shift all everyday rights protection to the federal government. States can still make health and safety rules, even if those rules favor one business. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/00441375619694911d082580c0138979/iframe 2026-09-03 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/tulk-v-moxhay https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/0a2ee85d2c93abced8fd161b060bfc66/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Tulk v. Moxhay Video Explainer If a buyer promises to use purchased land a certain way, courts can enforce that promise against later buyers who knew about it, even if it wouldn't normally transfer under strict property rules. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/0a2ee85d2c93abced8fd161b060bfc66/iframe 2026-09-01 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/united-mine-workers-of-america-v-gibbs https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/403ee64d1a6b7709db940340217f885e/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 United Mine Workers of America v. Gibbs Video Explainer Federal courts can choose to hear a related state law claim along with a federal claim if both come from the same facts. Unions need very strong proof before being blamed for members' violence. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/403ee64d1a6b7709db940340217f885e/iframe 2026-08-18 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/united-states-v-lopez https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/331778038c1788f5573e1dade328e5da/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 United States v. Lopez Video Explainer Congress can only make laws that fit powers listed in the Constitution. Its power over interstate business only covers activities with a real, strong connection to trade between states. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/331778038c1788f5573e1dade328e5da/iframe 2026-09-03 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/united-states-v-nixon https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/17128f75252ba4a0497d3f85d5e16e17/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 United States v. Nixon Video Explainer A president does not have an absolute, no-exceptions right to keep conversations secret when a criminal court needs that evidence, unless the information involves military or diplomatic secrets. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/17128f75252ba4a0497d3f85d5e16e17/iframe 2026-09-03 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/united-states-v-virginia https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/31d173848f5c45c8e8d506ca69073f22/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 United States v. Virginia Video Explainer When the government treats men and women differently under the law, it must show an extremely strong and genuine reason for doing so, not just a reasonable sounding excuse made up after the fact. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/31d173848f5c45c8e8d506ca69073f22/iframe 2026-09-03 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/village-of-euclid-v-ambler-realty-co https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/e78bdfcf91b9991468f85903bcda2c08/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty Co. Video Explainer Cities can create zoning laws dividing land into use areas if the rules reasonably support public health, safety, or welfare. Courts should not throw out an entire zoning law over small uncertain parts. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/e78bdfcf91b9991468f85903bcda2c08/iframe 2026-09-01 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/vincent-v-lake-erie-transportation-co https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/2afee1fea0e9ffedb7417eb363985a65/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Vincent v. Lake Erie Transportation Co. Video Explainer If someone deliberately uses another person's property to protect their own property from danger, they must pay for any damage caused, even if their choice was reasonable and necessary. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/2afee1fea0e9ffedb7417eb363985a65/iframe 2026-06-23 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/wal-mart-stores-inc-v-dukes https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/39b9a5dbee3c4f527b3b15cc293a8e64/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes Video Explainer People suing together as a group must share real common questions a single trial can resolve for everyone. One type of class action only works when one court order could fix things for the whole group. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/39b9a5dbee3c4f527b3b15cc293a8e64/iframe 2026-08-18 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/webb-v-mcgowin https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/3989f1d6d1193f3d4671fd9350b50487/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Webb v. McGowin Video Explainer A person who freely promises to pay someone for a real benefit they already received, like being rescued from serious harm, can be legally held to that promise even though the help was given before any payment was promised. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/3989f1d6d1193f3d4671fd9350b50487/iframe 2026-08-15 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/wickard-v-filburn https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/a4338ce3cd22112d09f04c82c786430e/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Wickard v. Filburn Video Explainer Congress can regulate even small, local, non-commercial activity under its interstate commerce power if that activity, combined across many people, significantly affects the national market for a product. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/a4338ce3cd22112d09f04c82c786430e/iframe 2026-09-03 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/williams-v-walker-thomas-furniture-co https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/c76c7dfa06305d5d1302bac3df094992/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Williams v. Walker-Thomas Furniture Co. Video Explainer Courts can refuse to enforce a contract, or parts of it, if it was so unfair and one-sided when made that one side had no real ability to understand or negotiate it. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/c76c7dfa06305d5d1302bac3df094992/iframe 2026-08-15 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/wood-v-lucy-lady-duff-gordon https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/e703fc6b95bd50a08f25cfe3acec10d4/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Wood v. Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon Video Explainer A contract can exist even if one side does not use exact promise words, as long as a promise to do something can be fairly read into the whole agreement from its terms and the surrounding circumstances. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/e703fc6b95bd50a08f25cfe3acec10d4/iframe 2026-08-15 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/world-wide-volkswagen-corp-v-woodson https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/c4b338b49cae6eec1d9c060ec5c61284/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 World-Wide Volkswagen Corp. v. Woodson Video Explainer A state can only make a company defend a lawsuit there if the company has real ties to that state, making it fair to expect being sued there. Just knowing a product might end up there isn't enough. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/c4b338b49cae6eec1d9c060ec5c61284/iframe 2026-08-18 yes https://gpslex.com/briefs/youngstown-sheet-and-tube-co-v-sawyer https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/5cc8a48e778044fc83c011eef38ba54b/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg?time=5s&height=720 Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer Video Explainer The President cannot make new law or take private property to settle a labor dispute unless Congress has given him that power, because only Congress can pass laws under the Constitution. https://customer-p1hxx3r4qc4d7kpv.cloudflarestream.com/5cc8a48e778044fc83c011eef38ba54b/iframe 2026-09-03 yes